PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY STUDIES OF N-BUTANOL SOLUBLE FRACTION OF THE METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF THE AERIAL PARTS OF INDIGOFERA HIRSUTA LINN (LEGUMINOSAE)
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Abstract
Indigofera hirsuta Linn. (Leguminosae) is a well-known plant used in African traditional medicine as an anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiulcer, anti-venom and anticonvulsant. The air-dried aerial parts of I. hirsuta was extracted with methanol using a soxhlet extractor and fractionated into ethyl acetate (EtOAc), n-butanol (n-BuOH) and aqueous fractions (AF). The n-butanol soluble fraction when subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, phenolic compounds, saponins and tannins. Repeated gel filtration of n-butanol soluble fraction over a Sephadex LH-20 column eluted with methanol followed by preparative thin-layer Chromatography resulted in the isolation of two flavonol glycosides (Kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside and Kaempferol-7-O-β-Dglucopyranoside). The structures of these compounds were elucidated using chemical tests, spectroscopic techniques (UV, FTIR, 1D and 2D-NMR), and by comparison with reference spectral data. The n-butanol soluble fraction was found to have intraperitoneal LD50 of 1264.91 mg/kg in rats. Anti-inflammatory study using carrageenan-induced paw oedema in rats indicated that, the fraction significantly (p<0.05) inhibited the paw oedema at doses of 150 and 300 mg/kg. The percentage anti-inflammatory activity at the peak hour of the highest dose tested (300 mg/kg) was higher than that of ketoprofen (10 mg/kg), the standard anti-inflammatory agent used. The result of this research suggests that the n-butanol soluble fraction of the methanolic extract of the aerial parts of Indigofera hirsuta contains compounds with anti-inflammatory activity
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